Hong Sang-soo Notarized: Virgin Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors

English Title: Virgin Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors
Korean Title: 오! 수정/O! Su-jeong/Oh! Soo-jung
Premiere Date: April 28, 2000
U.S. Release Year: 2021
Festival: Cannes (Un Certain Regard)
Film Number: 3
First Viewing Number: 12
First Viewing Date: June 13, 2018
Viewing Number: 2
Ranking (at beginning of run): 25
Ranking (at end of run):
Film Number (including shorts): 3
First Viewing Number (including shorts): 14
Ranking (at beginning of run, including shorts): 23
Ranking (at end of run, including shorts):

Running Time: 126 minutes (3rd longest)
Color/Black & White: Black & White
Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Shooting Format: 35mm
Structure: Two parts with an introduction and seven chapters each with different protagonists plus an epilogue
Recurring Actors: Moon Sung-keun (first appearance)
Season: Winter
Weather: Cold, sunny, snowy
Alcohol: Makgeolli, OB lager beer, cheongju, Chivas Regal Scotch whisky, soju, wine
Non-Alcoholic Drinks: Juice, coffee
Food: Crayfish, jjamppong (also baked sweet potatoes, unidentified soup and party food)
Drinking Scenes: 10
Creative People: Filmmakers (director/producer, writer/editor), pianist, ex-painters
Academia: N/A
Vacation: N/A
Dream Sequences: N/A
Film Screening: N/A
Films Within Films: N/A
Q&A: N/A
Naps: 1
Family: Sister-brother
Vehicle Scenes: 4
Crying Scenes: 0
Number of Shots: 135
Number of Zooms: 0
Music Style: Plunky piano
Title Background: Black background
Voiceover: N/A

Virgin Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors is almost without question the first Hong (chronologically speaking) that most acolytes love, and especially on this rewatch for me it certainly resonates in the same way. Numerous hallmarks make their first appearance here: it is his first film in black-and-white (and only one this decade), his first about filmmakers — even if they appear to be more industrial, hoping to create their own films one day — and, most crucially, his first to use the kind of puzzle-box structure that overwhelmingly defined his films until recently. While The Power of Kangwon Province did have its overlapping structure, it’s used here to question, or rather rupture the reality set forth in the first half of the film.

The repetition of events, misleadingly helpfully labeled by numbered chapters — Jae-hoon’s chapter 4 is missing from Soo-jung’s, who has an added-on chapter 7 — invokes the difference in telling and/or perspective immediately, with Young-soo bolting from the table to go to the restroom instead of Jae-hoon. Additionally, the conversation about Jae-hoon formerly being able to drink 5 bottles of soju and 3 bottles of whiskey is shifted forward two chapters to fill the gap. What’s more ambiguous, in a productive sense, is the import: in general, the innocence or guilelessness of each perspective character is emphasized, as is the central unknowability of their counterpart. This makes the coda all the more strange: the finally-consummated sex is as raw and painful as hinted at before, but the bridge is slowly gulfed during both the sex and the eventual understanding with the bedsheets; the final shot is a sort of uneasy bliss, which jettisons potential other complications like Young-soo in favor of promises to do better. Because this is a Hong film, it’s definitely up in the air whether those promises will or can be met, and Soo-jung’s face is appropriately ambiguous, half doubtful and half reverie.

This is also the first Hong film where the English title, which appears to reference Duchamp, differs from the Korean title, the much less bleak Oh! Soo-jung. Besides reminding me of Powell-Pressburger’s Oh… Rosalinda!! (which I haven’t seen), it gets a pay-off with Jae-hoon’s utterance of the wrong name. But in its own way it carries a certain ambiguity: the oh! could be one of ecstasy and release or frustration and incomprehension, reactions which all occur throughout the film. It’s also one of the few named after a specific person, though there will be more later.

This film presents two distinctly contrasting actors in its main trio. Moon Sung-keun, one of Hong’s greatest stalwarts, makes his first appearance; even though he’s already almost 50, it’s disconcerting how he almost appears young compared to his later appearances; the wrinkles haven’t quite set in, and though he has a family it’s only invoked a few times. On the other hand, Lee Eun-ju, who won the Grand Bell for Best New Actress, died by suicide five years later at only 24, one of a few Hong actors who suffered an untimely death. She has something of a Kim Min-hee quality about her, especially in the second half, a certain radiance that was gone too soon. (Jeong Bo-seok is much better known as a television actor, and only sparingly appeared in films in the 2000s before leaving cinema altogether.)

According to the translations on my file, the chapter titles translate to, in order, “day of the waiting,” “or an accident,” “cable car suspension,” “a moment impulse,” and “primary.” I can’t pretend to be certain about what the second, fourth, and fifth chapters translate to, but in a certain sense the abstruseness is the point, given the wildly divergent events of certain chapters. And it’s appropriate that some of the dangling threads (especially Soo-jung’s apparently incestuous relationship with her brother and her claim not to wear a bra) are left unfulfilled, as suspended as that cable car, one of the funniest moments in Hong so far.

The black-and-white here really is gorgeous, and it’s something of a shame that this is the only one that he shot on film; I remember being totally entranced by the ice lake that Jae-hoon and Soo-jung sojurn onto, but the darkness is just as striking, especially in their makeout sessions in that outdoor park. And while I can’t say for certain yet whether winter is my favorite Hong season (though probably the most distinctive), the blanketed snow and glaring light works wonders here. There’s also three tracking shots here, contrary to my recollection; the first two are a shot-reverse-shot, and the third follows Jae-hoon as he first loses Soo-jung.

Though the filmmaking aspect is fairly deemphasized except for how it can bring Soo-jung and Young-soo together, and how it can be used to both put the latter on a pedestal and knock it down, there are some interesting bits of business, like the general sense of rancor among the crew, Kodak no longer developing 8mm, and the mention of reusing locations. Also, there are some glimpsed movie posters — A Man and a Woman, The Untouchables, Betty Blue — and music references: Beethoven’s 6th (Pastoral) and Stevie Wonder; Soo-jung is the first of several Hong musicians. Sport also forms something of a backbone, between the playing of ping-pong and badminton (in winter!).

While the sexually explicit scenes are rougher and more fraught than ever, the emotional dynamics have risen to that same level, and in some sense the elision of certain scenes like Jae-hoon’s alleyway attempt function almost on a psychological level, parceling out the uncomfortable moments and/or displacing them onto one man or the other. In the end, though Young-soo disappears for the last 15 minutes, he functions as a valuable fulcrum, along which the film’s emotional and narrative shifts sway to and fro.

This is the first of presumably a number of Hongs that has markedly improved on this watch for the viewing project, and so much of it lies in the deftness of the structure, which only gets more mysterious the further it goes along (though I did love the second half of Kangwon more than I remembered). This, even more than his interactions, probably elevates his films the most, at least in his early period; I’ll be sure to track this possible trend going forward.

Hong Sang-soo Notarized: The Power of Kangwon Province

English Title: The Power of Kangwon Province
Korean Title: 강원도의 힘/Gangwon-do ui him
Premiere Date: April 4, 1998
U.S. Release Year: 2021
Festival: Cannes (Un Certain Regard)
Film Number: 2
First Viewing Number: 19
First Viewing Date: January 2, 2019
Viewing Number: 2
Ranking (at beginning of run): 24
Ranking (at end of run):
Film Number (including shorts): 2
First Viewing Number (including shorts): 19
Ranking (at beginning of run, including shorts): 26
Ranking (at end of run, including shorts):

Running Time: 110 minutes (9th longest)
Color/Black & White: Color
Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Shooting Format: 35mm
Structure: Two uneven, linear, overlapping parts with different protagonists
Recurring Actors: Baek Jong-hak (first appearance), Kim Beom-chun (first appearance)
Season: Summer
Weather: Sunny, sunshower
Alcohol: Hite beer, soju, bokbunja, baekseju, Johnnie Walker Blue Label
Non-Alcoholic Drinks: Coffee, Coca-Cola, orange juice, limeade(?), iced tea, water, smoothie, Pocari Sweat
Food: Bimbimbap, sea squirt, fish, fruit, dried squid, pancakes, red bean dessert
Drinking Scenes: 9
Creative People: N/A
Academia: Professors and students, unspecified subject
Vacation: 2
Dream Sequences: N/A
Film Screening: N/A
Films Within Films: N/A
Q&A: N/A
Naps: 4
Family: Husband-wife
Vehicle Scenes: 9
Crying Scenes: 1
Number of Shots: 190
Number of Zooms: 0
Music Style: Strummed electric guitar, also elegant string quartet
Title Background: Black background
Voiceover: N/A

This was maybe the Hong I had the least memory of before this most recent rewatch, sandwiched as it is between his debut and arguably the first film that fully deploys his rapidly developing trademarks. But The Power of Kangwon Province really does feel in a way like his second debut film; not only is it the first film that he wrote the screenplay for solo, but it also exclusively features the static shots that defined his films for a number of years, along with a more in-depth approach to character than the four-part The Day a Pig Fell Into the Well arguably allowed for.

The first drinking scene arguably epitomizes all of these: the scene begins in media res, with Ji-sook berating Mi-sun for perceived personal slights instead of merely being a lousy drunk. The conversation flows at Hong’s more deliberate pace, and in general he seems to spend more times on these meals or drinks, in contrast to the flurry of restaurants in the previous film. He still cuts in and out on the shots though, including effectively a shot-reverse-shot as Eun-kyoung leaves the table. The scene of Ji-sook totally drunk as the cop is dragging her off the sidewalk is very fun though, and it’s worth noting that they appear to be drinking bokbunja raspberry wine, which I don’t remember seeing in a Hong before and which has apparently been scientifically proven to improve male sexual stamina.

Baek Jong-hak is apparently the only actor who appears again in a Hong film (I think as one of the sycophants in The Day He Arrives) but I was unexpectedly really transfixed by Oh Yun-hong as Ji-sook; maybe it’s because she’s the first of the protagonists to appear and the women in The Day a Pig Fell Into the Well, by appearing third and fourth, felt somewhat subordinated and constrained by their limited appearance. There’s something about the particular triangular friendship dynamic on vacation that feels strong, especially that early scene of them singing “My Darling Clementine” on the beach together, and which allows the frustrated relationship and fraught return to Kangwon to take on an additional resonance. It has a certain compactness, running about 40 minutes, that Sang-kwon’s much longer section can’t really have; that contrast almost embodies the difference between late and early Hong, respectively.

In general there’s a strange preoccupation with fish here, an overarching metaphor that imbues them with an overtly symbolic quality not often found in Hong’s structures. The two fish that become(?) one, the consistent consumption of fish, sea squirts, and dried squid; not exactly sure what it means, along with both Sang-kwon and Ji-sook nearly getting hit by cars pulling out of parking spaces.

The overlapping structure really is done well; Jae-wan’s order in the train car is lingered on long enough that I instinctively sensed that it must have a significance, but it doesn’t wrap around until 20 minutes into Sang-kwon’s section. There’s a certain slackness wrapped up once again in questions of employment (it’s never exactly specified what Sang-kwon teaches, intriguingly), but the vacation and its possibilities helps a lot of his interactions.

Some interesting bits of Western culture floating through this: a barely glimpsed The People vs. Larry Flynt poster, an Optimus Prime action figure, the Russian club workers, Ji-sook’s M&M shirt, the Dallas Cowboys shirt that Jae-wan wears, the use of Lou Reed’s “Perfect Day.” There’s also a scene where Sang-kwon has something stuck in his eye, decades before Hong’s recent eye problems, and a cutaway during the first drinking scene to a lamprey a la Drive My Car.

Hong’s morbid invocation of death continues here: death by falling is invoked three separate times, including the genuine possibility that the cop might jump after being rejected by Ji-sook. The inclusion of the woman pursued by Sang-kwong and Jae-wan, aside from serving as another point of connection between the two vacations like the sea squirt restaurant (that Hong took much further in Hahaha) does feel a little thinly conceived, though the last conversation they have is good.

The shots on top of the mountain are honestly kind of stunning, including their incorporation of the actors and the distance, it makes me wonder if Hong might have considered a more self-consciously picturesque approach at one point (not to say that he doesn’t use his landscapes later on well). It’s also worth noting that Kim Young-chul won Best Newcomer in Cinematography at the Grand Bell Awards (South Korea’s Oscar equivalent).

The resolution, involving Ji-sook returning to Sang-kwon presumably after her failed connection with the cop, exists once again in a more ambiguous place. I’m inclined to think it’s real, because it’s lingered on more than usual for Hong’s dreams, though in general it has a nice mysterious quality, invoking a past history we aren’t privy to, having arrived upon them after their relationship already ended.

Hong Sang-soo Notarized: The Day a Pig Fell Into the Well

English Title: The Day a Pig Fell Into the Well
Korean Title: 돼지가 우물에 빠진 날/Dwaejiga umul-e ppajin nal
Premiere Date: May 15, 1996
U.S. Release Year: N/A
Festival: VIFF (Dragons and Tigers Award), Rotterdam 1997 (Tiger Award)
Film Number: 1
First Viewing Number: 19
First Viewing Date: April 17, 2019
Viewing Number: 2
Ranking (at beginning of run): 26
Ranking (at end of run):
Film Number (including shorts): 1
First Viewing Number (including shorts): 22
Ranking (at beginning of run, including shorts): 28
Ranking (at end of run, including shorts):

Running Time: 116 minutes (8th longest)
Color/Black & White: Color
Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Shooting Format: 35mm
Structure: Four linear parts with four successive protagonists
Recurring Actors: Kim Eui-sung (first appearance)
Season: Autumn (October-November)
Weather: Sunny and brisk
Alcohol: Soju, beer
Non-Alcoholic Drinks: Coffee, tea, sprite, Coca-Cola
Food: Korean barbecue, fruit, tofu soup, pastry, ramen, noodle soup, dumplings, Wendy’s, cake, Häagen-Dazs bar
Drinking Scenes: 1
Creative People: Novelists, audio dubbers
Academia: N/A
Vacation: N/A
Dream Sequences: 2
Film Screening: Yes (movie theater off-screen)
Films Within Films: N/A
Q&A: N/A
Naps: 3
Family: Husband-wife
Vehicle Scenes: 3
Crying Scenes: 1
Number of Shots: ~258
Number of Zooms: 0
Music Style: Ominous string quartet
Title Background: Black background
Voiceover: N/A

It’s always bracing to return to early Hong, considering the relative misanthropy unleavened by the humor that surrounds them. The Day a Pig Fell Into the Well, as his debut, especially falls into this pattern, but I forgot how relentless the unpleasant interactions are here, which compound in such a way that it almost gestures at the surreal structures that would take root soon in his work: a client who keeps appearing to be out-of-town, a sex worker who shows up immediately after a glimpsed moment of lovers quarreling, a pestering movie theater owner. Korean Movie Database also says that this was originally a novel by Koo Hyo-seo, and that four other writers in addition to Hong worked on its adaptation.

The first shot is a restive shot of small fruit that Hyo-seop, the only typically Hongian main character in the film as a bumbling novelist — fittingly played by Kim Eui-sung, the only Hong regular but who nevertheless doesn’t recur until much later — steals from his neighbor’s rooftop garden. There’s another potted plant outside a coffee shop later on, but unlike On the Beach at Night Alone or Grass there’s a different subject: an insect scurrying around that Hyo-seop is poking at.

Sex is common in Hong’s early films, but the frequency here is surprising, though it dovetails at least somewhat with the need for each of the four protagonists to find intimacy; the one that really sticks out is the atypical use of sex as punctuation, where a friend of the second protagonist (Park Jin-sung) ostensibly refuses to take him back to the office he’s visiting because he’s waiting on an important fax, only to have very loud and explicit sex with his wife; the last time both characters are seen. The Korean hentai(?) is also a nastier touch than usual.

The four-part structure is more pointedly deployed than I remembered, charting each part of this love rectangle; I had assumed that it was just a network narrative of people meeting by chance, and thus the return of various characters, especially Park’s and Lee Eung-kyeong’s, was rather deftly deployed. It also allows for there to be a ton of food scenes, though the only one that feels lingered on in the traditional Hong way is the Korean barbecue scene, which is presumably the only time Hong will film actual fighting, as fittingly sloppy as it is (with wild handheld to boot). And I’ll never not be amused by seeing baby-faced Song Kang-ho as the cool friend; love the unexpected inclusions of Western culture via Wendy’s, The Simpsons, the Beatles’ “Old Brown Shoe,” and The Shawshank Redemption.

As far as I can remember, this is the only Hong film that has tracking shots, seven in total, though none of them are extravagant and they’re mostly used as little push-ins, which nearly presage the zoom shots. There’s also two dissolves, both deployed on bus-rides, which only crop up again much later. Some moments of shot-reverse-shot, but it never really feels like true continuity shooting; characters are allowed to speak their full lines before cutting, and while there are probably more shots in this than in the last five Hongs combined, a fair amount are inserts on objects or establishing shots.

For all the gloominess here, there’s a certain warmth to little interactions that brings it a little closer to later Hong: the man who Kim gives money to in jail (weird to see Hong film a courtroom), the apple-eating and odd barricade-hopping that Kim’s former friends do immediately after leaving for drinking, the general relationship between Cho and her coworker.

I forgot that this remained a little bit more ambiguous concerning whether Kim and Cho Eun-sook were actually killed in the ending (though presumably Lee is actually talking with Kim on the phone in the end, rendering it a dream sequence), and in general the apparent Taiwanese New Wave influence of Edward Yang and Tsai Ming-liang is even stronger than I remembered; the last scene is a virtual mirror of The River, with some calm laying-out of newspapers for extra measure.

Measure for Measure [THE CATHEDRAL]

The Cathedral

Rating *** A must-see

Directed by Ricky D’Ambrose

Full disclosure: I am on friendly terms with Ricky D’Ambrose.

Ricky D’Ambrose’s oeuvre forms one of the most fascinating collections of works in recent American independent cinema. Now composed of two features and a number of shorts, it has come to signify a flourishing of a honed directorial voice that has come to take on an increasingly historical register, the obsessive recreations of print media and invocations of political undercurrents in “Spiral Jetty” (2017) and his first feature, Notes on an Appearance (2018), marking a turning point in augmenting and expanding the potential of his Bressonian close-ups.

D’Ambrose second feature The Cathedral marks another such turning point, and a remarkable melding of his filmmaking hallmarks with something that might be called more conventional, though such an appellation would seem to cheapen the achievement. Gone are the recreations of newspapers; the large acting parts for New York independent film denizens, who only appear fleetingly in a wedding scene; and even to a large extent the enormous close-ups against a blank backdrop. There’s even a smaller but significant break present; D’Ambrose chose to film “Spiral Jetty” in 4:3 due to his use of videotape footage and accompanying desire to not shift aspect ratios, something not carried out here, with the blend of standard-definition news footage with 1.66:1.

But in many other respects, The Cathedral hews closely to D’Ambrose’s style as adapted to a newly legible form. Something sometimes lost in discussion of his work is their subterranean sense of emotional arcs: think the sudden rupture in “Six Cents in the Pocket” (2015) or the bittersweet bookends in Notes on an Appearance. Here, it is captured in an unmistakeable bildungsroman format, following Jesse, a boy growing up on Long Island from the 1980s to the beginning of the 21st century, whose living situation — the only son of divorced parents played by Brian D’Arcy James and Monica Barbaro, the first even moderately-high-profile actors he has worked with — closely mirrors that of D’Ambrose himself. But Jesse, as played by three remarkably similar-looking actors over the years, is never quite centered in the way that might be expected. Other arcs are given almost equal focus: the plight of his grandmother on his mother’s side, who is passed from relative to relative in cycles of neglect; the questionable business dealings of his father; and above all the state of the apartment that his father lives in, which is the actual apartment in which D’Ambrose himself grew up.

Irresolution, as is so often the case for D’Ambrose, is the key to The Cathedral; what registers more forcefully than ever, and is at least partly to do with the extra half-hour running time compared to Notes on an Appearance, is the means by which his objects and settings accrue meaning and resonances over the grand amount of narrative time. The title itself refers to a book about the construction of a cathedral while his parents violently argue in another room, and the illustrations of an enormous structure built in segments speaks to the flow of time that D’Ambrose aims to establish; the news footage serves as a good anchoring method, acting as signposts of specificity, but they are treated in largely the same way as the quotidian moments that register just as strongly. A few parties act as major moments: the wedding, Christmas, confirmation, graduation, but everything else is allowed to drift, with D’Ambrose’s eye as a piercing factor.

The acting here is more naturalistic, especially in the growing frustration and anguish of James, but The Cathedral lets much of it play out in long shot, contextualizing and refracting each person’s outbursts in the environment around them. Jesse’s growing fascination with filmmaking, which Madeleine James’s narrator describes as focused on measuring time and a growing distance from the world rather than an attempt to catalogue memory, would seem overly self-inserting were it not for a particular dissection of a photograph that he does near the end of the film, a long shot that contains within it a record of a memory of a time just before his life was irreparably changed. And in the progression of Jesse’s graduation, a series of D’Ambrosian close-ups of changing table settings which accrues in an inexorable way utterly unlike his previous work, this newfound synthesis of narrative and form achieves D’Ambrose’s fullest expression yet.

Meta Mining [SOMETHING IN THE DIRT]

Something in the Dirt

Rating ** Worth seeing

Directed by Justin Benson & Aaron Moorhead

Something in the Dirt is something of an outlier in this year’s Sundance NEXT section. While its remit is to show more inventive or formally innovative work, with no particular stipulations otherwise, all of the other films were by first or second-time filmmakers, many working in documentary or quasi-documentary modes, and all running less than ninety minutes. By comparison, Justin Benson and Aaron Moorhead are indie superstars, having now made three relatively well-known films (Spring, The Endless, and Synchronic, none of which I’ve seen) which all had TIFF or Tribeca premieres, and showcase their trademark deployment of science fiction. Additionally, their latest is the only NEXT film in Scope and the only one that runs a hair under two hours.

But Something in the Air wears its relative lo-fi nature on its sleeve. Shot during the pandemic, though apparently not set then, it takes place mostly in and around a small, rundown apartment complex in Los Angeles, following bartender Levi (Benson) as he moves in and meets photographer John (Moorhead), the only other present resident. Soon afterwards, they discover a curious phenomenon: a crystal in Levi’s apartment that hovers at seemingly random intervals, possibly related to the scribblings all over the closet. In response, the two men resort to the most obvious recourse in this day and age: to begin filming in order to make a documentary to sell to Netflix or some other streamer.

It is fairly swiftly revealed that Something in the Dirt is also this documentary, though it remains unclear whether it is completed or not: bits of archival footage are strewn throughout, including during ostensibly “real” scenes — to complicate matters further, at least some moments are designated retroactively as reenactments, even poking fun at the shoddy special effects — and there are talking heads that crop up, including with experts and frazzled editors. Despite these intrusions, the film otherwise proceeds in a linear progression, moving through increasingly eerie occurrences while also taking a good amount of time to delineate the relationship between Levi and John.

Something in the Dirt‘s best moments and its faults come from this central relationship, which both offers a kind of bewildered comedy and a too-familiar depiction of a friendship undone; an emphasis on backstories being revealed at incongruous junctures highlights this feeling. But Benson and Moorhead are fairly compelling presences, especially the latter, whose well-groomed short hair and spectacles make a nice contrast with the former’s general sloppiness. There’s a certain charm to the way this operates, flashing lights and cameras to simulate earthquakes, and the deliberately offhand way that conspiracies are brought up and dismissed, with trips outside the apartment designed almost exclusively to show the proliferation of symbols around LA. If the personal drama, already hinted at and hammered home over and over in the ominous talking heads, tends to weigh this down, it’s balanced to a certain degree by the genuine delight this takes in the silliness of the central image, and how seriously the two men take it; a budget approach to an extraterrestrial concept that remains out of reach.

Sound As Vision [EXPEDITION CONTENT]

Expedition Content

Rating *** A must-see

Directed by Ernst Karel & Veronika Kusumaryati

“Imageless” films — which both exist in defiance of and in tandem with their more traditional, camera-photographed cousins — have established a small but notable lineage, and not even exclusively in the realm of the avant-garde. Derek Jarman’s landmark Blue (1993) is probably the most beloved example, with the sole image of International Klein Blue representing its ailing director’s eyesight. Anthology Film Archives is currently running a series which highlights such works, including Movies for the Blind, Volume 2 (1999, Jeff Perkins) and The Disappeared (2018, Gilad Baram & Adam Kaplan); to this series could also be added the borderline case of James N. Kienitz Wilkins’s The Republic (2017), which very slowly shifts from a black screen to a white screen, and João César Monteiro’s Branca de Neve/Snow White (2000), which, partly owing to unspecified filming difficulties, takes place almost entirely in voiceover save for interspersed shots of clouds.

Especially for the examples from before the past decade, however, there is the question of what “imageless” truly means, on the most basic level of form and experience. Even in something like Blue, there is, or at least was, still the sensation of watching a series of projected images on multiple reels, and the inevitable print alterations that occur as a print is run through various projectors over and over. In the present digital configuration, the black “leader” is still a projected image of sorts, as film grain-less as it may be, and the lack of an image may (and perhaps should) cause the viewer’s eyes to wander more towards fellow audience members, emergency exit lights, and the like. “Imageless” films can thus cause an even more interactive experience, without even getting into the sonic possibilities and thematic resonances that each of the above examples invoke.

Into this heady mix of films steps Expedition Content, the first significant salvo in a few years from the esteemed Harvard Sensory Ethnography Lab, and appropriately credited as being “composed by” Ernst Karel and Veronika Kusumaryati. The choice to craft an “imageless” film may seem especially strange from the SEL, considering that their films have yielded some of the most beguiling visual textures of the century, from the rich 16mm of Manakamana to the wild digital experimentation of Sweetgrass and Leviathan. But Karel — who has sound edited and mixed not only the above films but also for the SEL at large, along with films by Anocha Suwichakornpong, Luke Fowler, Trương Minh Quỳ, and Ben Rivers among many others — and Kusumaryati — a Harvard University Film Study Center fellow — both making their feature directorial debuts, are after something different, and not only because of the near-total lack of conventional image.

For Expedition Content is, unlike most SEL films, a found-footage film, or in this instance a found-recording film, editing together and remixing the thirty-seven hours of audiotape recordings made on a 1961 Harvard Peabody Museum anthropological research trip to West Papua among the Hubula (or Dani) people. Among the participants were the filmmaker Robert Gardner, who made the notable ethnographic film Dead Birds (1963) during the expedition, and, of all people, Michael Rockefeller – son of Nelson and great-grandson of John D., who had invested in oil exploration in New Guinea decades prior – who made the recordings and disappeared later that year while attempting to gather artifacts on the island. Aside from a late, brief flash of Gardner’s footage that lasts about a minute and a half, depicting a dark cave interior along with native villagers and a fire, the only images that appear are a few explanatory intertitles and some interpolations of baby blue leader, which are accompanied by a low tone and seem to presage the minimal number of translations of Dani provided; the rest is pure sound collage.

What predominates then, in the deliberate absence of both image and translation, the Western viewer — bearing in mind that, despite Kusumaryati’s own Indonesian background and dissertation focus upon West Papua’s highlanders, Expedition Content is ultimately an American film and very much aware of that fact — is left to focus on audio as its own form of immersion, and upon the role of Rockefeller and his fellow travelers as interlopers. Rockefeller has a very particularly tentative manner of introducing the myriad audio cuts that Karel and Kusumaryati highlight at the beginning of almost every recording, and the initial irritation eventually becomes a structuring device, a purposeful intrusion that often cuts against the supposed naturalness that the researchers are attempting to capture.

At some points, the beauty and power of what is being captured speaks for itself. The rush of a waterfall, the sonorous communal chanting, private singing; an astonishing amount is contained within Expedition Content‘s scant 78 minutes. But by freely moving across all of these privileged captured moments, Karel and Kusumaryati implicitly make the ethnographers themselves the subject; the black screen allows the viewer to focus on the precarious nature of the recording apparatus itself, all blown out audio and faint whispers, something only highlighted by the inclusion of a few crisp modern recordings of the cataloguers of these tapes.

Immediately after the aforementioned film footage, the tensions simmering within Expedition Content come to a head in the longest piece of continual audio recording within the film, though it is unclear whether it was done accidentally by Rockefeller or not. During a ten-minute tape of a drunken birthday celebration, the researchers speak in blaccents; converse about Thelonious Monk, Charles Mingus, Cannonball Adderley, and Oscar Peterson; and speculate about the possibility of copulating with one of the natives. In an additional touch, Karel and Kusumaryati provide subtitles that compel the viewer to stare at and contemplate the true nature of the ethnographers’ interactions with those they purportedly attempt to understand, casting the previous hour’s recordings in a light that had been latent until this moment of nakedness. By using the traditional means of translation as reinforcement, they are examined with the same unrelenting gaze that they themselves deployed elsewhere.

The brilliance of Expedition Content lies, in large part, in its ability to be so direct, so unflinching in its perspective, while also seemingly refracting its observations through the plethora of direct field recordings. If the opening and ending intertitles confront the political and ethnic issues in a manner uncommon for the SEL — the former implicitly links the expedition with Attica via Nelson Rockefeller, the latter raises the United States and Nations’ ongoing support of the brutal Indonesian colonization of West Papua — that sentiment is bolstered and transmuted by the contemplation that is engendered by the uncommon aesthetic experience. In the same way that, say, Leviathan‘s elemental torrent or Manakamana‘s durational interconnectedness arise moment to moment, Karel and Kusumaryati’s ultimately defiant aims exist within the gap between the researcher’s perspective and the previously undisturbed world, a distinction that becomes only more glaring with each fumbled appellation, each interrupting utterance.

2021 ICS Awards

Best Picture

  1. Drive My Car
  2. Can’t Get You Out of My Head: An Emotional History of the Modern World
  3. Memoria
  4. What Do We See When We Look at the Sky?
  5. Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy
  6. West Side Story
  7. A River Runs, Turns, Erases, Replaces
  8. Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time
  9. In Front of Your Face
  10. Annette

Best Director

  1. Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Memoria
  2. Hamaguchi Ryūsuke, Drive My Car
  3. Alexandre Koberidze, What Do We See When We Look at the Sky?
  4. Steven Spielberg, West Side Story
  5. Leos Carax, Annette

Best Actor

  1. Nishijima Hidetoshi, Drive My Car
  2. Adam Driver, Annette
  3. Vincent Lindon, Titane
  4. Cooper Hoffman, Licorice Pizza
  5. Avshalom Pollak, Ahed’s Knee

Best Actress

  1. Tilda Swinton, Memoria
  2. Miura Tōko, Drive My Car
  3. Léa Seydoux, France
  4. Lee Hye-young, In Front of Your Face
  5. Alana Haim, Licorice Pizza

Best Supporting Actor

  1. Elkín Diaz, Memoria
  2. Okada Masaki, Drive My Car
  3. Mike Faist, West Side Story
  4. Rayan Sarlak, Hit the Road
  5. Simon Helberg, Annette

Best Supporting Actress

  1. Park Yu-rim, Drive My Car
  2. Urabe Fusako, Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy
  3. Kirishima Reika, Drive My Car
  4. Kawai Aoba, Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy
  5. Mori Katsuki, Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy

Best Ensemble

  1. Drive My Car
  2. Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy
  3. Licorice Pizza
  4. The Tragedy of Macbeth
  5. West Side Story

Best Original Screenplay

  1. Wheel of Fortune and Fantasy
  2. In Front of Your Face
  3. Memoria
  4. What Do We See When We Look at the Sky?
  5. Bad Luck Banging or Loony Porn

Best Adapted Screenplay

  1. Drive My Car
  2. Fabian, or Going to the Dogs
  3. West Side Story
  4. Benedetta
  5. The Tragedy of Macbeth

Best Film Editing

  1. What Do We See When We Look at the Sky?
  2. Can’t Get You Out of My Head: An Emotional History of the Modern World
  3. The Velvet Underground
  4. Drive My Car
  5. Fabian, or Going to the Dogs

Best Cinematography

  1. Memoria
  2. West Side Story
  3. What Do We See When We Look at the Sky?
  4. The Tragedy of Macbeth
  5. Topology of Sirens

Best Production Design

  1. The Tragedy of Macbeth
  2. The French Dispatch of the Liberty, Kansas Evening Sun
  3. West Side Story
  4. What Do We See When We Look at the Sky?
  5. Memoria

Best Score

  1. Drive My Car
  2. What Do We See When We Look at the Sky?
  3. The Witches of the Orient
  4. Annette
  5. El Gran Movimiento

Best Animated Picture

  1. Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time

Best Documentary

  1. Can’t Get You Out of My Head: An Emotional History of the Modern World
  2. A River Runs, Turns, Erases, Replaces
  3. Procession
  4. The Velvet Underground
  5. The Witches of the Orient

Best Sound Design

  1. Memoria
  2. The Velvet Underground
  3. West Side Story
  4. Topology of Sirens
  5. Annette

Best Debut Feature

  1. Topology of Sirens
  2. Pebbles
  3. Hit the Road
  4. El Planeta

Best Breakthrough Performance

  1. Rayan Sarlak, Hit the Road
  2. Devyn McDowell, Annette
  3. Cooper Hoffman, Licorice Pizza
  4. Alana Haim, Licorice Pizza
  5. Karuththadaiyaan, Pebbles

2022 Capsules

January

In the Mood for Love [rewatch]
While it serves different purposes in different films, Wong’s voiceover has always been central as another layer in his characters’ and cinema’s means of expression. But while there are numerous phone conversations that hang over the film’s images, In the Mood for Love only contains two lines of true voiceover. They both come from Cheung, immediately after she and Leung realize they both know the secret that initially unites, then ultimately divides them: “I thought I was the only one that knew,” then “I wonder how it started,” both laid over a distant, hazy shot of the two of them walking away together.

Wong then cuts to black, then to what appears to be an innocent conversation, then an alarming upsetting of propriety, then a tentative and tortured reenactment. If cinema can be said to embody mindsets, to flesh out characters, then this may be among the greatest of examples: the decision to go down this path is not made on screen, but it is embodied in that brief strip of black leader, that ambiguous space between thought and action, made in an instant that haunts and grows in the mind.

Lincoln [rewatch]
Ten years and the nakedly obvious upheaval therein may have actually improved the fundamental politics of this, at least from my perspective. In the Obama era, Lincoln’s steadfast commitment to his principles could be seen as timely, a friendly reminder from an icon to continue the good work. Now, it’s the actual machinations that resonate; in a way it has matured, or perhaps its outlook has curdled, like some of the greatest historical films; it has come to take on the politics of its time, which is as much a testament to the unchanging undercurrents of America as it is to the total inhabitation from all here.

February

Who’s Stopping Us
There’s a scene in here that feels almost like a lo-fi version of the go-fast boat to Cuba in Miami Vice, two characters acting on an urge to kayak briefly across to Portugal. Though they have to return sooner rather than later, that spirit of freedom within certain limits feels so resonant with the experience of teenagehood, of all these characters moving in and out of focus as Trueba’s style shifts in response. Talking heads, voiceover, extensive hangout scenes, all of them feel integrated yet disruptive, a steady stream of insights and bullshitting that doesn’t aim to necessarily take any of the events (fiction or non-fiction) at face value. It is about the experience, the cross-section of life and vitality that gets at so much more.

Tree of Knowledge
The key moment early on (among many) is the journey of the dissected fox, first seen in long shot as the children, quiet and respectful for once, gather around the table in a circle. Gore is liberally shown but never gleefully, and the emphasis remains on the children, who have a certain awe at seeing this mini-spectacle. Two of the boys then take it, attempt to scare girls with it — only succeeding with the outcast Mona — then take it home to attempt to recreate the experience themselves. If Tree of Knowledge is as much a film about education as it is about the cruelty of children, this moment demonstrates it most clearly: a startlingly visceral punctum that breaches the bawdiness of its society that leads them to want to imitate their future selves. Unfortunately, some futures are more grown-up than others, and therein lies the essential, awful problem.

March

The Gospel According to St. Matthew
Everything comes forth from Pasolini’s early decision to convey the Sermon on the Mount in a seemingly endless series of forward tracking shots, framing Jesus the Anointed in front of a boundless and blank sky. It gets to the heart of what makes the New Testament such an oddly difficult collection of books to adapt to a different medium, even the nigh-universally known gospel. Pasolini’s great genius was to lean into that almost anecdotal quality, the procession of incident and teaching that the Book of Matthew provides, in doing so emphasizing the inherent integrity and value of each moment. The words spoken in each sentence of the Sermon function both in tandem and separately, and by placing them in formal conversation, by having them spoken directly to the viewer, their power is interpreted and conveyed with a stark impact.

Spirited Away [rewatch]
It’s a piercing testament to Miyazaki’s genius here that, for all the earned sentimentalism that flows throughout this, the film ends with Chihiro’s perspective of the tunnel receding into the distance. No view of her newfound friends, or her potential life partner, or even the mysterious gods is possible in the ultimate dichotomy between these worlds. As much as she was able to bring a great vitality to the bath house, there are forces greater than magic or love ruling over these realms, and so she must return to the living, and the sensations of the other side must remain a memory, just like the river that saved and nurtured her so long ago. It’s too far in both time and space, and that’s the way it must be.

Pom Poko
The interlude with the foxes, already comfortably assimilated into modern Japanese society, helps clarify and differentiate the plight and journey of the raccoons. It’s said early in the film that their nature doesn’t allow them to have the same focus as the foxes, too prone to sloth to be as convincingly for as long. While that may be true, that’s also exactly what allows them to produce such grand and beautiful feats: their community, their ability to feed off of each other’s energy to bolster each other. In their final decision to join Tokyo, it is still with that same compassion, a splitting up to keep as many alive as possible, an invisible community of bodies built up with each celebration, each humorous yet poignant transformation.

April

Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
I’m sure others have discussed the Céline and Julie Go Boating parallels/potential homage by Rivette, but it’s fascinating how Lorelei and Dorothy’s own pantomime relies on a relative interchangeability that Céline and Julie decidedly lack. Despite their differing viewpoints on the attractiveness of a man, they both share an unabashed openness about said views, and consequently are able to inhabit each other, whether in intelligence or lunacy, shrewdness or naivetie. Like so much of the film, the illusion is as alluring as the reality, and the space created to inhabit it is as immaculate and wondrous as they come.

June

Flowers of Shanghai
I’ve never heard Shanghainese at such length before, and while I’m sure this film would be every bit as great in Mandarin or even Cantonese — it kind of sounds like Leung is dubbed when he isn’t speaking Cantonese, his voice is a little higher — it adds so much to the film. I have little knowledge of the mechanics of Shanghainese, but it sounds like it is either toneless or has tones that are much less pronounced than in other dialects. This creates a much more even-toned sound quality, an aural texture every bit as hypnotic as those repeated music cues, those tracking shots, those different yet similar narratives of decline and possibility.

July

Ruggles of Red Gap
One of the best things about this is how each musical moment holds at least two meanings at the same time depending on perspective: a dance becomes a first expression of autonomy, a new chance at love, an irritating defiance; a drum session becomes an almost childlike wonder, a bemused courtship, a momentary setback alleived by money. What McCarey accomplishes so well is being able to do justice to all of them, to find the beauty and opportunities that this paradise offers.

December

Yi Yi [rewatch]
This has never not been among the heights of cinema for me, but something that always puzzled me before this viewing was the focus on the father, sister, and brother, with the mother whisked unceremoniously away for most of the film. But apart from the absence it creates, the room allowed for all members of the family to flirt with the unknown (even the mother, trying out overt spirituality), it also removes the closest familial connection to the grandmother. Everyone else is at a slight remove from the old, comatose woman they express their thoughts to, whether by blood or by a generation gap; even the uncle has to overcome the grandmother’s apprehensiveness. If Yi Yi is the most incisive of films about family, it’s also crucial that the family is forced into unconventional circumstances for so long, that the final reunion is as bittersweet as possible, with chances for new life lost and the passing of a loved one. But they are together in the end, still fundamentally themselves, and that’s what matters.

2022 First Watches

Old
New

Renewed Appreciation: Lincoln, Only Yesterday, Videodrome, The Killer, Right Now, Wrong Then, Spirited Away, Tropical Malady, Au hasard Balthazar, Remember My Name, Kiki’s Delivery Service, The Devil, Probably, The Last of the Mohicans, Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, In Another Country, Irma Vep, Yourself and Yours, Rio Bravo, Oki’s Movie, Grass, On the Occasion of Remembering the Turning Gate, Mouchette, Blissfully Yours, Like You Know It All, Greed, Jauja, The Calming, The Big Sleep, Hard-Boiled, Woman in the Dunes, Nobody’s Daughter Haewon, The Woman Who Ran, The Walk, Wild at Heart, The Day After, An Elephant Sitting Still, El Gran Movimiento, Hahaha, Destroy, She Said, A Man Escaped, Diary of a Country Priest, Virgin Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Out 1: Noli me tangere, Night and Day, The Day He Arrives, Seven Samurai, In the Mood for Love, A.I. Artificial Intelligence, Our Sunhi, Tale of Cinema, Hill of Freedom, Les Dames du Bois de Boulogne, Claire’s Camera, Sign “O” the Times, Chungking Express

Shorts: “Les trois désastres,” Dog Star Man, “earthearthearth,” “EVENTIDE,” “Z = |Z/Z•Z-1 mod 2|-1: Lavender Town Syndrome,” “Ein Bild,” “Spectrum Reverse Spectrum,” “La bouche,” “Single Stream,” “Ode to Seekers 2012,” “Kicking the Clouds,” “Impersonator,” “Z = |Z/Z•Z-1 mod 2|-1: The Old Victrola,” “China Girls,” “A wild patience has taken me here,” “Releasing Human Energies,” “Soft Animals,” “JG,” “Starfuckers,” “The Headhunter’s Daughter”

  1. Ruggles of Red Gap (1935, Leo McCarey) [July]
  2. L’Argent (1983, Robert Bresson) [September]
  3. Letter From an Unknown Woman (1948, Max Ophuls) [January]
  4. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953, Howard Hawks) [April]
  5. The Heiress (1949, William Wyler) [April]
  6. Flowers of Shanghai (1998, Hou Hsiao-hsien) [June]
  7. Once Upon a Time in China (1991, Tsui Hark) [February]
  8. The Docks of New York (1928, Josef von Sternberg) [March]
  9. The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964, Pier Paolo Pasolini) [February]
  10. Walk Up (2022, Hong Sang-soo) [October]
  11. Tree of Knowledge (1981, Nils Malmros) [February]
  12. Assault on Precinct 13 (1976, John Carpenter) [April]
  13. Pacifiction (2022, Albert Serra) [November]
  14. The Seventh Victim (1943, Mark Robson) [June]
  15. Once Upon a Time in China II (1992, Tsui Hark) [February]
  16. Avanti! (1972, Billy Wilder) [February]
  17. Amanda (2018, Mikhaël Hers) [January]
  18. Pom Poko (1994, Takahata Isao) [March]
  19. La libertad (2001, Lisandro Alonso) [September]
  20. The Novelist’s Film (2022, Hong Sang-soo) [October]
  21. EO (2022, Jerzy Skolimowski) [November]
  22. Deja Vu (2006, Tony Scott) [November]
  23. The Fabelmans (2022, Steven Spielberg) [November]
  24. Choose Me (1984, Alan Rudolph) [September]
  25. Face/Off (1997, John Woo) [July]
  26. Il buco (2021, Michelangelo Frammartino) [May]
  27. Trenque Lauquen (2022, Laura Citarella) [November]
  28. Who’s Stopping Us (2021, Jonás Trueba) [February]
  29. My Neighbors the Yamadas (1999, Takahata Isao) [February]
  30. Bamboozled (2000, Spike Lee) [May]
  31. World on a Wire (1973, Rainer Werner Fassbinder) [June]
  32. Malcolm X (1992, Spike Lee) [January]
  33. The City Below (2010, Christoph Hochhäusler) [February]
  34. Marie Antoinette (2006, Sofia Coppola) [March]
  35. The Conversation (1974, Francis Ford Coppola) [January]
  36. Section 1 (2022, Jon Bois) [June]
  37. Tatort: Frau Bu lacht (1995, Dominik Graf) [February]
  38. A New Old Play (2021, Qiu Jiongjiong) [March]
  39. One Fine Morning (2022, Mia Hansen-Løve) [December]
  40. Dreileben: Beats Being Dead (2011, Christian Petzold) [February]
  41. Diary of a Fleeting Affair (2022, Emmanuel Mouret) [October]
  42. Crimes of the Future (2022, David Cronenberg) [June]
  43. Hush! (2002, Hashiguchi Ryōsuke) [April]
  44. RRR (2022, S. S. Rajamouli) [March]
  45. Dirty Harry (1971, Don Siegel) [July]
  46. The People You’re Paying to Be in Shorts (2022, Jon Bois) [November]
  47. Seconds (1966, John Frankenheimer) [August]
  48. Equation to an Unknown (1980, Dietrich de Velsa) [January]
  49. ★ (2017, Johann Lurf) [February]
  50. Dreileben: Don’t Follow Me Around (2011, Dominik Graf) [February]
  51. Decision to Leave (2022, Park Chan-wook) [October]
  52. The Girl and the Spider (2021, Ramon and Silvan Zürcher) [April]
  53. Point Blank (1967, John Boorman) [February]
  54. The United States of America (2022, James Benning) [March]
  55. Wing Chun (1994, Yuen Woo-ping) [March]
  56. Miracle Mile (1988, Steve De Jarnatt) [January]
  57. La Vie des morts (1991, Arnaud Desplechin) [March]
  58. TÁR (2022, Todd Field) [October]
  59. Beloved Sisters (2014, Dominik Graf) [February]
  60. Die Katze (1988, Dominik Graf) [February]
  61. White Noise (2022, Noah Baumbach) [December]
  62. The August Virgin (2019, Jonás Trueba) [February]
  63. Carnival of Souls (1962, Herk Harvey) [April]
  64. Saint Omer (2022, Alice Diop) [December]
  65. Avatar: The Way of Water (2022, James Cameron) [December]
  66. Basic Instinct (1992, Paul Verhoeven) [October]
  67. The Traveling Players (1975, Theodoros Angelopoulos) [December]
  68. Medea (2021, Alexander Zeldovich) [March]
  69. The Friends of the Friends (2002, Dominik Graf) [February]
  70. The Cathedral (2021, Ricky D’Ambrose) [January]
  71. Queens of the Qing Dynasty (2022, Ashley McKenzie) [February]
  72. Nope (2022, Jordan Peele) [July]
  73. Blonde Venus (1932, Josef von Sternberg) [June]
  74. The Sacred Spirit (2021, Chema García Ibarra) [March]
  75. Haruhara-san’s Recorder (2021, Sugita Kyoshi) [February]
  76. The Invincibles (1994, Dominik Graf) [February]
  77. Benediction (2021, Terence Davies) [February]
  78. Red Rocket (2021, Sean Baker) [January]
  79. Armageddon Time (2022, James Gray) [October]
  80. Los Conductos (2020, Camilo Restrepo) [May]
  81. Wood and Water (2021, Jonas Bak) [April]
  82. Onoda (2021, Arthur Harari) [February]
  83. All the Beauty and the Bloodshed (2022, Laura Poitras) [November]
  84. Le Navire Night (1979, Marguerite Duras) [March]
  85. Riotsville, U.S.A. (2022, Sierra Pettengill) [January]
  86. Daisy Miller (1974, Peter Bogdanovich) [November]
  87. Drunken Angel (1948, Kurosawa Akira) [March]
  88. FIRST TIME [The Time for All But Sunset – VIOLET] (2021, Nicolaas Schmidt) [March]
  89. Return to Seoul (2022, Davy Chou) [December]
  90. Tai-Chi Master (1993, Yuen Woo-ping) [March]
  91. Polizeiruf 110: Smoke on the Water (2014, Dominik Graf) [February]
  92. Gummo (1997, Harmony Korine) [January]
  93. A Night of Knowing Nothing (2021, Payal Kapadia) [February]
  94. Expedition Content (2020, Ernst Karel & Veronika Kusumaryati) [January]
  95. Arrebato (1979, Iván Zulueta) [January]
  96. Nobody’s Hero (2022, Alain Guiraudie) [October]
  97. Human Flowers of Flesh (2022, Helena Wittmann) [November]
  98. Dry Ground Burning (2022, Joana Pimenta & Adirley Queirós) [November]
  99. Don Juan (2022, Serge Bozon) [May]
  100. The Women (1939, George Cukor) [April]
  101. Social Hygiene (2021, Denis Côté) [July]
  102. Thunderbolt (1929, Josef von Sternberg) [March]
  103. Virgin Blue (2021, Niu Xiaoyu) [March]
  104. Vengeance Is Mine, All Others Pay Cash (2021, Edwin) [March]
  105. Deception (2021, Arnaud Desplechin) [March]
  106. True Romance (1993, Tony Scott) [February]
  107. Rampart (2021, Marko Grba Singh) [March]
  108. Amsterdam (2022, David O. Russell) [September]
  109. Our Eternal Summer (2021, Émilie Aussel) [March]
  110. Relative (2022, Michael Glover Smith) [August]
  111. Aftersun (2022, Charlotte Wells) [December]
  112. Bad Girls Go to Hell (1965, Doris Wishman) [March]
  113. Petite conversation familiale (2000, Hélène Lapiower) [March]
  114. The Bling Ring (2013, Sofia Coppola) [March]
  115. Gangs of New York (2002, Martin Scorsese) [July]
  116. Will-o’-the-Wisp (2022, João Pedro Rodrigues) [May]
  117. Car Wash (1976, Michael Schultz) [September]
  118. Belle (2021, Hosoda Mamoru) [March]
  119. Ambulance (2022, Michael Bay) [April]
  120. Rock Bottom Riser (2021, Fern Silva) [March]
  121. Top Gun: Maverick (2022, Joseph Kosinski) [June]
  122. A Human Position (2022, Anders Emblem) [January]
  123. Free Chol Soo Lee (2022, Eugene Yi & Julie Ha) [January]
  124. Call Jane (2022, Phyllis Nagy) [January]
  125. Singing in the Wilderness (2021, Chen Dongnan) [April]
  126. Every Day in Kaimukī (2022, Alika Tengan) [January]
  127. Mija (2022, Isabel Castro) [January]
  128. Triangle of Sadness (2022, Ruben Östlund) [September]
  129. Three Thousand Years of Longing (2022, George Miller) [August]
  130. Wet Sand (2021, Elene Naveriani) [March]
  131. Prime Cut (1972, Michael Ritchie) [February]
  132. Play It As It Lays (1972, Frank Perry) [June]
  133. Roy’s World: Barry Gifford’s Chicago (2020, Rob Christopher) [September]
  134. From the Planet of the Humans (2021, Giovanni Cioni) [March]
  135. Werewolf (2016, Ashley McKenzie) [February]
  136. A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child (1989, Stephen Hopkins) [October]
  137. The Banshees of Inisherin (2022, Martin McDonagh) [December]
  138. The City and the City (2022, Christos Passalis & Syllas Tzoumerkas) [April]
  139. Bones and All (2022, Luca Guadagnino) [November]
  140. Dreileben: One Minute of Darkness (2011, Christoph Hochhäusler) [February]
  141. God’s Creatures (2022, Saela Davis & Anna Rose Holmer) [October]
  142. Jujutsu Kaisen 0 (2022, Park Sung-hoo) [September]
  143. Something in the Dirt (2022, Justin Benson & Aaron Moorhead) [January]
  144. Dear Mr. Brody (2021, Keith Maitland) [March]
  145. A Love Song (2022, Max Walker-Silverman) [January]
  146. Dangerous Game (1988, Stephen Hopkins) [October]
  147. Three Minutes: A Lengthening (2021, Bianca Stigter) [August]
  148. The Mission (2022, Tania Anderson) [January]
  149. Casablanca Beats (2021, Nabil Ayouch) [September]
  150. The Exiles (2022, Violet Columbus & Ben Klein) [January]
  151. Divertimento (2022, Marie-Castille Mention-Schaar) [October]
  152. Close (2022, Lukas Dhont) [December]
  153. Athena (2022, Romain Gavras) [October]
  154. Framing Agnes (2022, Chase Joynt) [January]
  155. Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022, Daniel Kwan & Daniel Scheinert) [April]
  156. Spencer (2021, Pablo Larraín) [February]
  157. Bardo: False Chronicle of a Handful of Truths (2022, Alejandro González Iñárritu) [November]
  158. The Whale (2022, Darren Aronofsky) [November]
  159. Babylon (2022, Damien Chazelle) [November]

Old

  1. Ruggles of Red Gap (1935, Leo McCarey)
  2. L’Argent (1983, Robert Bresson)
  3. Letter From an Unknown Woman (1948, Max Ophuls)
  4. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953, Howard Hawks)
  5. The Heiress (1949, William Wyler)
  6. Flowers of Shanghai (1998, Hou Hsiao-hsien)
  7. Once Upon a Time in China (1991, Tsui Hark)
  8. The Docks of New York (1928, Josef von Sternberg)
  9. The Gospel According to St. Matthew (1964, Pier Paolo Pasolini)
  10. Tree of Knowledge (1981, Nils Malmros)
  11. Assault on Precinct 13 (1976, John Carpenter)
  12. The Seventh Victim (1943, Mark Robson)
  13. Once Upon a Time in China II (1992, Tsui Hark)
  14. Avanti! (1972, Billy Wilder)
  15. Amanda (2018, Mikhaël Hers)
  16. Pom Poko (1994, Takahata Isao)
  17. La libertad (2001, Lisandro Alonso)
  18. Deja Vu (2006, Tony Scott)
  19. Choose Me (1984, Alan Rudolph)
  20. Face/Off (1997, John Woo)
  21. My Neighbors the Yamadas (1999, Takahata Isao)
  22. Bamboozled (2000, Spike Lee)
  23. World on a Wire (1973, Rainer Werner Fassbinder)
  24. Malcolm X (1992, Spike Lee)
  25. The City Below (2010, Christoph Hochhäusler)
  26. Marie Antoinette (2006, Sofia Coppola)
  27. The Conversation (1974, Francis Ford Coppola)
  28. Tatort: Frau Bu lacht (1995, Dominik Graf)
  29. Dreileben: Beats Being Dead (2011, Christian Petzold)
  30. Hush! (2002, Hashiguchi Ryōsuke)
  31. Dirty Harry (1971, Don Siegel)
  32. Seconds (1966, John Frankenheimer)
  33. Equation to an Unknown (1980, Dietrich de Velsa)
  34. ★ (2017, Johann Lurf)
  35. Dreileben: Don’t Follow Me Around (2011, Dominik Graf)
  36. Point Blank (1967, John Boorman)
  37. Wing Chun (1994, Yuen Woo-ping)
  38. Miracle Mile (1988, Steve De Jarnatt)
  39. La Vie des morts (1991, Arnaud Desplechin)
  40. Beloved Sisters (2014, Dominik Graf)
  41. Die Katze (1988, Dominik Graf)
  42. The August Virgin (2019, Jonás Trueba)
  43. Carnival of Souls (1962, Herk Harvey)
  44. Basic Instinct (1992, Paul Verhoeven)
  45. The Traveling Players (1975, Theodoros Angelopoulos)
  46. The Friends of the Friends (2002, Dominik Graf)
  47. Blonde Venus (1932, Josef von Sternberg)
  48. The Invincibles (1994, Dominik Graf)
  49. Le Navire Night (1979, Marguerite Duras)
  50. Daisy Miller (1974, Peter Bogdanovich)
  51. Drunken Angel (1948, Kurosawa Akira)
  52. Tai-Chi Master (1993, Yuen Woo-ping)
  53. Polizeiruf 110: Smoke on the Water (2014, Dominik Graf)
  54. Gummo (1997, Harmony Korine)
  55. Arrebato (1979, Iván Zulueta)
  56. The Women (1939, George Cukor)
  57. Thunderbolt (1929, Josef von Sternberg)
  58. True Romance (1993, Tony Scott)
  59. Bad Girls Go to Hell (1965, Doris Wishman)
  60. Petite conversation familiale (2000, Hélène Lapiower)
  61. The Bling Ring (2013, Sofia Coppola)
  62. Gangs of New York (2002, Martin Scorsese)
  63. Car Wash (1976, Michael Schultz)
  64. Prime Cut (1972, Michael Ritchie)
  65. Play It As It Lays (1972, Frank Perry)
  66. Werewolf (2016, Ashley McKenzie)
  67. A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child (1989, Stephen Hopkins)
  68. Dreileben: One Minute of Darkness (2011, Christoph Hochhäusler)
  69. Dangerous Game (1988, Stephen Hopkins)

New

  1. Walk Up (Hong Sang-soo)
  2. Pacifiction (Albert Serra)
  3. The Novelist’s Film (Hong Sang-soo)
  4. EO (Jerzy Skolimowski)
  5. The Fabelmans (Steven Spielberg)
  6. Il buco (Michelangelo Frammartino)
  7. Trenque Lauquen (Laura Citarella)
  8. Who’s Stopping Us (Jonás Trueba)
  9. Section 1 (Jon Bois)
  10. A New Old Play (Qiu Jiongjiong)
  11. One Fine Morning (Mia Hansen-Løve)
  12. Diary of a Fleeting Affair (Emmanuel Mouret)
  13. Crimes of the Future (David Cronenberg)
  14. RRR (S. S. Rajamouli)
  15. The People You’re Paying to Be in Shorts (Jon Bois)
  16. Decision to Leave (Park Chan-wook)
  17. The Girl and the Spider (Ramon and Silvan Zürcher)
  18. The United States of America (James Benning)
  19. TÁR (Todd Field)
  20. White Noise (Noah Baumbach)
  21. Saint Omer (Alice Diop)
  22. Avatar: The Way of Water (James Cameron)
  23. Medea (Alexander Zeldovich)
  24. The Cathedral (Ricky D’Ambrose)
  25. Queens of the Qing Dynasty (Ashley McKenzie)
  26. Nope (Jordan Peele)
  27. The Sacred Spirit (Chema García Ibarra)
  28. Haruhara-san’s Recorder (Sugita Kyoshi)
  29. Benediction (Terence Davies)
  30. Red Rocket (Sean Baker)
  31. Armageddon Time (James Gray)
  32. Los Conductos (Camilo Restrepo)
  33. Wood and Water (Jonas Bak)
  34. Onoda (Arthur Harari)
  35. All the Beauty and the Bloodshed (Laura Poitras)
  36. Riotsville, U.S.A. (Sierra Pettengill)
  37. FIRST TIME [The Time for All But Sunset – VIOLET] (Nicolaas Schmidt)
  38. Return to Seoul (Davy Chou)
  39. A Night of Knowing Nothing (Payal Kapadia)
  40. Expedition Content (Ernst Karel & Veronika Kusumaryati)
  41. Nobody’s Hero (Alain Guiraudie)
  42. Human Flowers of Flesh (Helena Wittmann)
  43. Dry Ground Burning (Joana Pimenta & Adirley Queirós)
  44. Don Juan (Serge Bozon)
  45. Social Hygiene (Denis Côté)
  46. Virgin Blue (Niu Xiaoyu)
  47. Vengeance Is Mine, All Others Pay Cash (Edwin)
  48. Deception (Arnaud Desplechin)
  49. Rampart (Marko Grba Singh)
  50. Amsterdam (David O. Russell)
  51. Our Eternal Summer (Émilie Aussel)
  52. Relative (Michael Glover Smith)
  53. Aftersun (Charlotte Wells)
  54. Will-o’-the-Wisp (João Pedro Rodrigues)
  55. Belle (Hosoda Mamoru)
  56. Ambulance (Michael Bay)
  57. Rock Bottom Riser (Fern Silva)
  58. Top Gun: Maverick (Joseph Kosinski)
  59. A Human Position (Anders Emblem)
  60. Free Chol Soo Lee (Eugene Yi & Julie Ha)
  61. Call Jane (Phyllis Nagy)
  62. Singing in the Wilderness (Chen Dongnan)
  63. Every Day in Kaimukī (Alika Tengan)
  64. Mija (Isabel Castro)
  65. Triangle of Sadness (Ruben Östlund)
  66. Three Thousand Years of Longing (George Miller)
  67. Wet Sand (Elene Naveriani)
  68. Roy’s World: Barry Gifford’s Chicago (Rob Christopher)
  69. From the Planet of the Humans (Giovanni Cioni)
  70. The Banshees of Inisherin (Martin McDonagh)
  71. The City and the City (Christos Passalis & Syllas Tzoumerkas)
  72. Bones and All (Luca Guadagnino)
  73. God’s Creatures (Saela Davis & Anna Rose Holmer)
  74. Jujutsu Kaisen 0 (Park Sung-hoo)
  75. Something in the Dirt (Justin Benson & Aaron Moorhead)
  76. Dear Mr. Brody (Keith Maitland)
  77. A Love Song (Max Walker-Silverman)
  78. Three Minutes: A Lengthening (Bianca Stigter)
  79. The Mission (Tania Anderson)
  80. Casablanca Beats (Nabil Ayouch)
  81. The Exiles (Violet Columbus & Ben Klein)
  82. Divertimento (Marie-Castille Mention-Schaar)
  83. Close (Lukas Dhont)
  84. Athena (Romain Gavras)
  85. Framing Agnes (Chase Joynt)
  86. Everything Everywhere All at Once (Daniel Kwan & Daniel Scheinert)
  87. Spencer (Pablo Larraín)
  88. Bardo: False Chronicle of a Handful of Truths (Alejandro González Iñárritu)
  89. The Whale (Darren Aronofsky)
  90. Babylon (Damien Chazelle)